Fuel cell R&D at the German Aerospace Center is focussing on both Membrane Fuel Cells (PEFC and DMFC) and high temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). The status of advanced DLR Manufacturing Technologies based on dry powder coating of membranes and plasma spray concepts for metal supported SOFC will be reported shortly. Fundamental research activities actually are focussed on in situ diagnostics using segmented cells and short stacks. Some latest results will be given for locally resolved current density distribution and temperature for both PEFC and SOFC. In addition, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is applied to analyse degradation mechanisms and to separate anodic and cathodic degradation effects. Finally current fuel cell projects will be presented, including fuel cells for aircraft application (HYFISH, ELBASYS in cooperation with Airbus Industries) and development of SOFC stacks for mobile APU application.